{"id":9044,"date":"2025-03-11T14:39:36","date_gmt":"2025-03-11T13:39:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.inventus.at\/?page_id=9044"},"modified":"2025-07-11T15:38:37","modified_gmt":"2025-07-11T13:38:37","slug":"linear-damper","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.inventus.at\/en\/products\/linear-damper\/","title":{"rendered":"Lineard\u00e4mpfer EN"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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MR-Linear damper<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Various applications<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tLinear damper<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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INVENTUS has already implemented a wide range of special versions of the MR linear dampers. On the one hand, this is due to the fact that linear damper applications are widespread and, on the other hand, there are a wide variety of technical implementation options that are worth briefly introducing.\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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In this context, the technical explanation of the MRX applications in linear flow mode briefly shows the examples of a linear damper with a permanent magnet in a knee prosthesis (more detailed information here<\/span>) as well as the implementation of a linear damper with an external valve as a development tool for a furniture manufacturer (more detailed information on the results here<\/span>).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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In addition, the following specific MR linear damper developments follow under the heading Solutions from INVENTUS: InvShock for racing applications, fully adaptive bicycle damping and adaptive door dampers. This allows the reader to get a somewhat better idea of what options exist and what areas of application already exist.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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State of the art<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Classic hydraulic linear dampers<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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There are a number of different design options for the classic hydraulic linear damper. A piston is guided linearly in a cylinder and carries out a lifting movement in which a liquid, usually oil, is pressed from one side of the cylinder through a throttle gap to the other side. Depending on the throttle gap, a speed-dependent damping force is created.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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The embodiments shown below show the most common different technical solutions. A key point is how the volume compensation (usually implemented in the form of a separated gas volume) is carried out, which compensates for the immersed piston rod, the temperature influences and the leakage. In the illustrations, the compensation is always shown on the pressure stage side, this does not necessarily have to be the case, depending on the desired force characteristics in combination with the given installation space, the respective technical implementation option is predestined, with the first two approaches of the single-tube construction as a pot construction and the two-tube damper certainly the most frequently implemented constructions are:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Mono-Tube damper as a pot construction <\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>
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Mono-Tube damper with external valve<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>
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Mono-Tube damper \u2013 One-way circuit (Compensation decoupled)<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
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The design implementations listed are the same for MRF technology, only the valve is then based on the MRF effect.<\/p>

Often, depending on the direction of movement, various valves become effective and then lead to different damping forces depending on the pull and push actuation, or throttles also become effective depending on the stroke, for example with end position damping.<\/p>

In some cases, the throttle gap can also be adjusted mechanically and the hydraulic damper is then at least partially adaptive.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Adaptive hydraulic linear damper<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Adaptive hydraulic linear dampers are already state of the art and are implemented, for example, using the following 3 approaches:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\t\tElectric servomotors adjust the throttle gap and thus vary the hydraulic damping (e.g. prosthesis C-Leg from OTTOBOCK).\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\t\tMRF solutions change the viscosity \u201cvirtually\u201d in milliseconds and implement a fully adaptive system (e.g. Audi TT and Ferrari F430).\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\t\tFully active hydraulic systems have very powerful pumps that actively generate the forces (Porsche Panamera).\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Solution from INVENTUS<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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The following various MR linear damper solutions from INVENTUS are discussed and their implementation is briefly described:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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InvShock for racing application<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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In order to continue the testing and development of the MRF linear dampers, INVENTUS developed the InvShock damper system, which, tested and fine-tuned over many years, served an Inventus employee well in his racing activities in mountain races. The fully adaptive, real-time system helped him improve the overall performance of his racing car in hill climbs.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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The following items were initially on the to-do list:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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  • \uf0d8Increased performance compared to conventional damper systems – through fully adaptive damper control\/damper characteristics of the 4 individual wheel suspensions.<\/li>
  • \uf0d8Communication between actuators and control unit via CAN bus<\/li>
  • \uf0d8\u201cStart mode\u201d allows energy to be buffered by preloading the rear damper-spring element for better traction and acceleration at start-up<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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    • \uf0d8The \u201cbrake detection mode\u201d prevents the chassis from tipping forward and wheel load shifting, thus shortening the braking distance<\/li>
    • \uf0d8Real-time impact detection (<3ms) and front shock adjustments (10kHz rate)<\/li>
    • \uf0d8Temperature compensation system (oil viscosity) and overheat protection<\/li>
    • \uf0d8CAN logging of damper speed, travel, acceleration and recording these in histograms<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"Suspension\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
      \n\t\t\t
      <\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
      \n\t\t\t\t
      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

      The INVENTUS solution ultimately fulfilled the following profile:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t
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      Cylinder tube-\u00d8:
      <\/span>Length:
      Total weight:
      Max. locking force:
      Peak-to-Peak-Response time:
      Integrated displacement measurements:
      Logging function (update frequency 10khz) of position\/damper speed:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

      \n\t\t\t
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      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

      40mm
      300mm (Eye connection distance)
      1800g (including spring)
      > 2kN @ 5W
      < 5ms

      <\/p>

      with1 \u00b5m resolution<\/span><\/p>


      via CAN, UART, Bluetooth or WLAN<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

      \n\t\t\t\t
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      <\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
      \n\t\t\t\t
      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

      The diagram below shows the damping force of the InvShock in blue and red\u00a0in the OFF and ON state area in relation to the previously installed damper with the characteristic curve shown in gray, you can clearly see how the working area has been expanded.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

      \n\t\t\t\t
      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"Damper\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
      \n\t\t\t\t
      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
      \n\t\t\t
      <\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
      \n\t\t\t\t
      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

      After testing the InvShock in over 30 mountain races, the performance was reduced by 1.5 seconds of racing time compared to the previous system.\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

      \n\t\t\t\t
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      <\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
      \n\t\t\t\t
      \n\t\t\t\t\t

      Fully adaptive bicycle damping<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
      \n\t\t\t\t
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      In collaboration with a renowned bicycle manufacturer, we developed an adaptive damper concept for the front and rear wheels. The following points had to be integrated into the implemented system:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t
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      • \uf0d8Variable end stops had to be implemented via software<\/li><\/ul>
        \u00a0<\/div>
        • \uf0d8Background detection for dynamic damper adjustment through integrated sensors<\/li><\/ul>
          \u00a0<\/div>
          • \uf0d8Real-time impact detection (<3 ms) and front damper adjustment (10 kHz rate)<\/li><\/ul>
            \u00a0<\/div>
            • \uf0d8Pedal efficiency mode detects slopes and locks the rear shock (800 N at 0.5 mm\/s)<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
              \n\t\t\t
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              • \uf0d8Up to 3 damper profiles can be saved and accessed via the control unit (customer requirement, although in principle any number could be displayed)<\/li><\/ul>
                \u00a0<\/div>
                • \uf0d8All damping curves can be adjusted via an app on a smartphone<\/li><\/ul>
                  \u00a0<\/div>
                  • \uf0d8Data readout option for e.g. damper speed, distance, temperature, etc.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
                    \n\t\t\t\t
                    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
                    \n\t\t\t
                    <\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
                    \n\t\t\t\t
                    \n\t\t\t\t\t\"Full-suspension\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
                    \n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
                    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
                    1<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
                    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t

                    Control unit<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

                    \n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
                    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
                    2<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
                    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t

                    MRF suspension fork with integrated travel sensor<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

                    \n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
                    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
                    3<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
                    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t

                    Electronics and power supply integrated in the frame<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

                    \n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
                    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
                    4<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
                    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t

                    Rear wheel damper with integrated displacement sensor<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

                    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t
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                    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"Adaptive\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
                    \n\t\t\t
                    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t
                    \n\t\t\t\t
                    \n\t\t\t\t\t\"Adaptive\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
                    \n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
                    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
                    1<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
                    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t

                    Kontrolleinheit<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

                    \n\t\t\t
                    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t
                    \n\t\t\t\t
                    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"Close-up\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
                    \n\t\t\t\t
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                    \n\t\t\t
                    <\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
                    \n\t\t\t\t
                    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

                    MRF suspension fork with key data<\/b><\/span><\/u><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

                    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t
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                    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"Lightweight\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
                    \n\t\t\t
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                    \n\t\t\t\t
                    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
                    • Max. locking force: 660 N (at vmax)<\/li>
                    • Stroke: 150 mm<\/li>
                    • Cylinder tube-\u00d8: 35 mm<\/li>
                    • Power consumption: 2 A (at max. 6,5 Watt)<\/li>
                    • Total weight: 1810 g<\/li>
                    • Design: Execution in existing<\/li>
                    • Original suspension fork<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
                      \n\t\t\t
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                      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"Technical\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
                      \n\t\t\t\t
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                      <\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
                      \n\t\t\t\t
                      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

                      MRF rear wheel damper with key data<\/b><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

                      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t
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                      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"MRF\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
                      \n\t\t\t
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                      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"DT\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
                      \n\t\t\t
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                      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
                      • Max. locking force: 1.1 kN (at vmax)<\/li>
                      • Stroke: 50 mm<\/li>
                      • Cylinder tube-\u00d8: 27 mm<\/li>
                      • Electricity consumption: 1,5 A (bei max. 5 Watt)<\/li>
                      • Total weight: 300 g<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
                        \n\t\t\t\t
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                        <\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
                        \n\t\t\t\t
                        \n\t\t\t\t\t

                        Adaptive door damper<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
                        \n\t\t\t\t
                        \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

                        Below, 2 implantations of an MRF linear damper are shown using 2 videos and visualized for the viewer. What options exist, for example, on an existing vehicle door and a room door to optimize comfort and safety – completely new operating concepts are emerging:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

                        \n\t\t\t\t\t\t
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